A
- Accommodation – the eye’s ability to adjust to various distances in the environment
- Acuity – visual sharpness
- Adaptation – coping with the changes of task demands
- Adhesive capsulitis – frozen shoulder
- Adjustment to disability – a psychosocial condition in which the client faces barriers to the acceptance of their disability
- Agraphia – acquired writing disturbance
- Anarthria – speech impairment resulting in the absence of speech
- Ankle strategy – autonomic postural responses to maintain balance using the ankles
- Anomia – inability to name things
- Anosognosia – poor insight or denial of one’s own disabilities
- Aphasia – communication deficit resulting in the loss of the ability to speak or understand language
- Aprosody – difficulty expressing and recognizing social emotions
- Astereognosis – the inability to recognize things using touch; tactile agnosia
B
- Blocked practice – practice using drills with numerous repetitions
- Broca’s aphasia – non-fluent expression affecting speech
C
- Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance model – a client-centered meta-cognitive approach with collaboration, goal setting, performance analysis, cognitive strategies, and guided discovery to promote generalization and transfer
- Color agnosia – inability to name or recognize colors
- Concrete thinking – inflexible thinking
- Confrontation – movement of an object through the client’s visual field
- Convergence – coordinated eye movement inwards to focus on an object
- Cortical blindness – blindness resulting from a lesson in the cerebral cortex
D
- Dissociation – separation of body parts during movement patterns
- Divergence – eye movement outwards
- Environmental control unit – a device used to interact with the environment
F
- Far transfer – introducing an activity of the same context but different from the initial task performed
G
- Global aphasia – severely impaired language
H
- Hemianopsia – visual field deficit (blindness) in half of the visual field
- Heterotopic ossification – overgrowth or deposit of bone in soft tissues which may affect movement
- Hyperopia – farsightedness
I
- Ideational apraxia – inability to perform a task due to loss of a model or mental representation of the procedure
- Intermediate transfer – changing a number of task parameters while keeping familiar initial task parameters
- Ipsilateral pushing – a stroke syndrome characterized by physically pushing the body towards one side due to misperceived center of gravity and midline
L
- Learned nonuse – lack of use of a body part resulting from stroke and its diminished perception of function
M
- Motor adaptation – ability to adapt to postural responses to environmental demands and task changes
- Motor apraxia – inability to perform purposeful movements due to impaired planning and sequencing of movements
- Myopia – nearsightedness
N
- Near transfer – performing an alternate form of the initial task
- Neoplasm – abnormal tissue growth; tumor
- NPO – nothing by mouth
O
- Organization – ability to organize thoughts to perform a task in an organized manner with proper sequencing and timing
P
- Praxis – ideation; planning purposeful movements
- Procedural memory – recalling the steps of a task
- Prosopagnosia – the inability to recognize familiar faces
S
- Saccadic eye movements – fast, voluntary, and coordinated movements of the eyes to fixate back and fourth on two points at a distance
- Shoulder-hand syndrome – a type of CRPS that involves pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced function of the upper limb
- Somatoagnosia – body scheme disorder characterized by decreased awareness of body structure and recognition of one’s own body parts and their relationship to each other
- Spasticity – hypertonus and hyperactive stretch reflexes
- Strabismus – inabilty of eyes to cross axes due to imbalanced eye muscles; impaired saccades
T
- Tonic arousal – change in muscle tone and response when a person wakens
- Topographic orientation – difficulty finding one’s way in space due to cognitive problems
- Trendelenberg sign – when one stands on the affected limb and the opposite gluteal fold falls
U
- Unilateral body neglect – forgetting about one side of the body due to stroke
W
- Wallenberg sign – Horner syndrome, cerebellar ataxia and contralateral loss of pain and temperature
- Wernicke’s aphasia – reduced speech comprehension
References
Gillen, G. (2015). Stroke rehabilitation: a function-based approach. Elsevier Health Sciences.